Use meaningful names

The use of appropriate names for variables, functions, and classes is one of the key components of clean code. Do not use names that are ambiguous or generic, such as “temp” or “data.” Choose names instead that appropriately describe the function and purpose of the code part. 

This helps both you and other people understand your code and makes it self-explanatory.

Keep functions and methods short

Long, complicated functions can easily become challenging to comprehend and manage. Your methods and functions should be concise and well-defined. To make each function’s purpose clearer, it should only have one task. Refactor a function into shorter, easier-to-manage functions if it begins to get too long.

Comment effectively

Your code will be much easier to read if you use comments. Use comments to clarify any code that may be difficult to understand at first look, including complicated algorithms, significant decisions, and other code. 

However, refrain from over-commenting on plainly evident or self-explanatory code as this might complicate the codebase and make it harder to comprehend.

Format your code consistently

Consistent code formatting makes it easier to read and causes less confusion. Pick a coding approach and stick with it for the duration of your project. It is simpler for developers to traverse and comprehend your code when there is consistency in the indentation, space, and code organization. 

To ensure uniform formatting throughout your codebase, think about using automated formatting tools or editor plugins.

Break down complex logic

It is essential to divide complicated logic into smaller, more manageable pieces when working with it. Make the logic more clear by using relevant variables and intermediate calculations. This not only makes text easier to read but also makes it simpler to spot and isolate any errors.

Avoid redundant code

Redundant code not only clogs up your codebase but also raises the possibility of problems and inconsistencies. To find and eliminate redundant or unneeded code blocks, review your code frequently. Reduce repetitive tasks and encourage code reuse by using functions, loops, and other control structures.

Use appropriate comments and documentation

While comments are essential for clarifying complicated code, well-written documentation should always come first. Clearly describe the overall architecture, modules, classes, and important functions in your code documentation. To create thorough documentation using code annotations, use tools like Javadoc or Doxygen.

Write modular and reusable code

It is simpler to comprehend and maintain programming that is modular. Divide your code into manageable, independent modules or functions, each in charge of a single duty. This encourages code reuse and makes testing and debugging simpler. Write functions that are short and concise and don’t combine unrelated responsibilities.

Write meaningful and concise tests

The process of development would not be complete without testing. Use descriptive names for test cases and precise assertions while composing tests. Effective tests serve as living documentation and aid in explaining to other developers the desired behavior of the code. Try to strike a healthy balance between test coverage and test length.

Refactor regularly

Refactoring is the process of enhancing current code while leaving its functionality untouched. Review your codebase frequently and seek ways to make it simpler and better. Refactoring improves readability, lowers technical debt, and aids in identifying potential performance or bug problems.